a. Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was strengthened.

b. Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was weakened.

c. Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was weakened.

d. Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was strengthened.

2.In studying the history of the Middle Ages, which of the following themes is least important?

1. The absence of central authority under feudalism

2. The acquisition of wealth through trade and commerce

3. A desire for order

4. The power and influence of the church

5. A sense of loyalty and community

3. “All things were under its domain...its power was such that no one could hope to escape its scrutiny.”

Which European institution during the Middle Ages is best described by this statement?

1 the guild

2 knighthood

3the Church

4 the nation-state