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Yes, I was really a pilot. I was not in the Air Force, but I flew C-130s and PC-6s for a government agency in SE Asia from 1967 to 1972. When I got home I got degrees in Engineering with a minor in Physics.

Lorentz Transform (Aether):

AETHER

Aether was proposed to provide a medium to propagate electromagnetic radiation (waves). It works well for that. The problem is that for every thing else, it does not work. The physical properties required make no sense. Lorentz developed what we now call the Lorentz Transform to calculate the motion of the aether relative to another Frame of Reference to explain the observed fact that the speed of light is constant for all observers. That means the aether with the EM waves (ripples) moves relative to the observer. Now comes the problem: For the aether to do what it does it must have a Modulus of Elasticity greater than steel. Think of standing in a river of very fast flowing water, it explains perfectly the motion of the small floating twigs (ripples of the EM waves) moving past you, but why don't you feel the motion of the water (aether)?

This is why Special Relativity replaced Aether. Einstein re-derived the Lorentz Transform showing that it worked just as well if you assumed that space-time (Einstein's Great Insight) could expand and contract based on the relative motion of observers. Einstein resolved the above paradox, so SR replaced aether.

Twin Paradox:

In SR all motion is relative. That means that if I was "motionless" and you went by at a significant fraction of the speed of light, I would see your clock running slower AND you would see my clock running slower. ====> So, which one of us is aging slower? Paradox! The Twin Paradox is subtly different. Both twins start from the same motionless Frame of Reference. You could not use accelerometers in the above case to determine which of us was moving. But, for the twins, we could put an accelerometer with each twin. Then, we could determine which twin accelerated ===> which one is moving relative to the original FoR. The 2 FoRs are now no longer inertial, one is accelerated and the twin in the accelerated FoR is the one that ages slower.

Time Dilation in General Relativity:

Einstein made a geometric argument that was successful in special relativity, so he used the same idea again to formulate general relativity, a geometric argument. The math is different, GR does not use the the Lorentz Transform because the FoRs in GR are not inertial, but rather Tensors to describe 4D space-time. But, the result is the same, in accelerated FoRs time slows down and space warps.

Red Shift:

Another way to look at red-shift besides Doppler (dilation of space-time) is Energy.

The photon for energy reasons must somehow account for the motion of the source. Because the speed of light is constant, a photon cannot add (subtract) the velocity of the source to its' own velocity.

The velocity of the source moving to toward the observer does add energy to the photon===> Blue-shift

The velocity of the source moving away from the observer does subtract energy from the photon ===>red-shift

OK, so...

General Relativity is the general case (acceleration and significant mass is OK), and Special Relativity is for non-accelerating frames of reference (so significant mass is NOT involved).

The Lorentz transforms are derived for relative inertial motion between two frames of reference, and describe length contraction and time dilation (a two headed coin). Consider solar muons. In the laboratory, muons have a certain lifetime, and then decay. They are charged, and so are easy to detect. In our atmosphere, we see their lifespan dilated, they "decay slower" (time dilation). To the muons, if they were conscious and aware, their lifespan would be unchanged, but they see our atmosphere contracted along their path (length contraction). Same coin, two different sides.

General Relativity actually contains Special Relativity within it. If you force acceleration to zero, and discount mass as trivial, you get Special Relativity.

For that matter if you take General Relativity, and let the speed of light go to infinity, you get Newtonian gravitation, and gravitation as a force.

"And can we say redshifts are connected to time dilation?"

A guarded yes. If a ship is passing by us, we see their entire "time dilation effect" as redshift. If they are coming towards us, the blue classical Doppler shift will be much larger than the time dilation factor. Likewise if they are moving away from us (Doppler effect is "additive" there). Then when you get to General Relativity, if the "ship" triggered a supernova as it passed a specific size star, the duration for the ship's occupants would be the same, but the longer ago it happened for us, the slower we see it happen now.

There are a lot of factors that can be involved in "red shift"...

Time dilation - a peculiar results of prevalent relativity, which motives quick gadgets to age a lot less instantly than sluggish gadgets. twin paradox - A possible paradoxical party of time dilation: 2 twins are born mutually in the international. One is going off vacationing with the help of area at very nearly the speed of sunshine, and the different continues to be right here. Then, after 2 a lengthy time period, the traveller returns, having in uncomplicated words elderly some months. particular relativity - the very undeniable actuality that one shifting and one table certain merchandise in a closed equipment can no longer recognize it extremely is shifting - that there is not any absolute area. prevalent relativity - the very undeniable actuality that area itself is warped by utilising the outcome of gravity - area is type of a rubber sheet with some marbles in them: it bends close to heavy gadgets. at the same time as vacationing in a instantly line close to such an merchandise, your trajectory is bent.

Way too much to explain in a few paragraphs, you need many books to explain all of this. Be more specific.

Look on wikipedia, they have all of this info.