Verified answer

The Esperanto word for "you" is "vi". The difference is the presence or absence of the accusative ending "-n". Explanation:

When any Esperanto noun, adjective or pronoun is the direct object of a verb - that is, it undergoes the action of the verb - you add the accusative ending "-n". Take the sentence "you see cats":

you = vi

see = vidas

cats = katoj

"cats" are the ones being seen, so you add the accusative ending, giving "vi vidas katojn". If it had been "cats see you", then "you" would be the one being seen, so "you" now gets the accusative ending: "katoj vidas vin".

Why the ending, when you have word order to tell you who is seeing and who is being seen? Well, that's just it: in Esperanto, with the extra ending to show who is who, then you aren't so dependent on word order, which speakers of languages in which word order is different or not very important find a real plus when speaking Esperanto. They can change the word order in Esperanto to something they find more comfortable, but it won't confuse you, because you know who is seeing and who is being seen because of the "-n":

"katoj vidas vin" = "vin vidas katoj" = "cats see you"

"vi vidas katojn" = "katojn vidas vi" = "you see cats"

Let's apply that to your question. One common way of saying "how are you?" in Esperanto is "kiel vi fartas?", which literally means "how (do) you fare?" (words in parentheses are words we have to add in English because they are required by English grammar, but do not correspond to anything in Esperanto). "vi" ("you") is PERFORMING the action of "fartas" ("fare"), NOT undergoing it, so it's the subject, not the direct object, of the verb, and does not take the accusative ending in Esperanto. A way to say "nice to meet you" in Esperanto is "plezuro estas renkonti vin", literally "(a) pleasure (it) is to meet you". Here, "vi" ("you") is UNDERGOING the action of "renkonti" ("to meet"), NOT performing it, so it's the direct object, and it DOES take the accusative ending in Esperanto, giving "vin". In short:

"kiel vi fartas?" -> "vi" subject of verb "fartas" -> no accusative ending "-n"

"plezuro estas renkonti vin" -> "vin" object of verb "renkonti" -> accusative ending "-n"

The same free-word-order principle holds for these two sentences: you can say "fartas vi kiel?" or "vin renkonti estas plezuro", and people would still know exactly what you mean.

There are a couple of other ways you can use the accusative ending in Esperanto, but they're not extremely relevant to your question, and I don't want to overburden you here.

Plej bonan ŝancon lernante esperanton!

(Best of luck learning Esperanto!)

I don't know Esperanto, but just by looking at the structures of the two sentences, one thing jumps out at me.

In the sentence "How are you", there is no action verb. If the verb is any variation of "to be", then the pronoun following it will be in the nominative case. I'm guessing "Vi" is the nominative case pronoun for "you" singular.

In the sentence "Nice to meet you", the verb is "meet". Meet must be a verb in Esperanto that takes a direct object, hence why the word is shown as "vin". "vin" must be the objective case pronoun for "you" singular, then.

Hope this makes sense.

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