A path in the xy-plane consists of steps of 1 unit in the positive x or y direction. How many paths from (0,0) to (4,4) do not pass through (2,2)? Please explain how to do this.
First compute total paths from (0,0) to (4,4).
Each path consists of 8 steps, 4 vertical, 4 horizontal,
and they can be in any order, so they number 8c4 = 70
You arrange 4 x's and 4 y's in a line, representing whether you
go across or up at that point, and there are 8c4 ways to *choose*
where the x's go, leaving the other places for the y's.
Then subtract the ones that pass through (2,2)
there are 4c2 = 6 ways to get TO (2,2)
and another 4c2 = 6 ways to get FROM there to (4,4)
A total of 6 * 6 = 36 paths through (2,2)
Answer is 70 - 36 = 34.
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First compute total paths from (0,0) to (4,4).
Each path consists of 8 steps, 4 vertical, 4 horizontal,
and they can be in any order, so they number 8c4 = 70
You arrange 4 x's and 4 y's in a line, representing whether you
go across or up at that point, and there are 8c4 ways to *choose*
where the x's go, leaving the other places for the y's.
Then subtract the ones that pass through (2,2)
there are 4c2 = 6 ways to get TO (2,2)
and another 4c2 = 6 ways to get FROM there to (4,4)
A total of 6 * 6 = 36 paths through (2,2)
Answer is 70 - 36 = 34.