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Four basic processes are involved in the formation of clastic sedimentary rock:

- weathering (erosion)caused mainly by friction of waves,

- transportation where the sediment is carried along by a current,

- deposition and

- compaction where the sediment is 'squashed' together to form the rock

Clastic rocks are composed of fragments, or clasts, of pre-existing rock. Geologists use the term clastic with reference to sedimentary rocks as well as to particles in sediment transport whether in suspension or as bed load, and in sediment deposits.