there are several ways of doing this, but a common way is through light energy absorbance by the electrons leading to a charge disparity that drives electron movement. The electrons get excited to the higher energy of the diffuse cloud surrounding the alloy or ceramic or whatever particular material is present and become free to move beyond the confines of their original atom. This can create a negative charge that will be offset by a positive "hole" that also can migrate.
A lot of times the substance consists of layers that impart a direction to the flow (one side excites and the other receives the excited electrons).
Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. Some materials exhibit a property known as the photoelectric effect that causes them to absorb photons of light and release electrons. When these free electrons are captured, an electric current results that can be used as electricity.
The photoelectric effect was first noted by a French physicist, Edmund Bequerel, in 1839, who found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light. In 1905, Albert Einstein described the nature of light and the photoelectric effect on which photovoltaic technology is based, for which he later won a Nobel prize in physics. The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954. It was billed as a solar battery and was mostly just a curiosity as it was too expensive to gain widespread use. In the 1960s, the space industry began to make the first serious use of the technology to provide power aboard spacecraft. Through the space programs, the technology advanced, its reliability was established, and the cost began to decline. During the energy crisis in the 1970s, photovoltaic technology gained recognition as a source of power for non-space applications.
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there are several ways of doing this, but a common way is through light energy absorbance by the electrons leading to a charge disparity that drives electron movement. The electrons get excited to the higher energy of the diffuse cloud surrounding the alloy or ceramic or whatever particular material is present and become free to move beyond the confines of their original atom. This can create a negative charge that will be offset by a positive "hole" that also can migrate.
A lot of times the substance consists of layers that impart a direction to the flow (one side excites and the other receives the excited electrons).
Photovoltaics is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. Some materials exhibit a property known as the photoelectric effect that causes them to absorb photons of light and release electrons. When these free electrons are captured, an electric current results that can be used as electricity.
The photoelectric effect was first noted by a French physicist, Edmund Bequerel, in 1839, who found that certain materials would produce small amounts of electric current when exposed to light. In 1905, Albert Einstein described the nature of light and the photoelectric effect on which photovoltaic technology is based, for which he later won a Nobel prize in physics. The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954. It was billed as a solar battery and was mostly just a curiosity as it was too expensive to gain widespread use. In the 1960s, the space industry began to make the first serious use of the technology to provide power aboard spacecraft. Through the space programs, the technology advanced, its reliability was established, and the cost began to decline. During the energy crisis in the 1970s, photovoltaic technology gained recognition as a source of power for non-space applications.
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